Paleosols, "fossil soils," have been reported at several locations east of the Rocky Mountains in northern Montana, U.S.A., and southern Alberta, Canada. These alleged paleosols have been correlated between erosional remnants corresponding to the Flaxville Plain, an extensive surficial planar erosion surface. Based on correlation to magnetic reversals, a chronology of 2.6 million years has been published, supporting a uniformitarian paleogeographic and paleoclimatologic reconstruction that includes multiple glaciations. Fieldwork conducted at each of the alleged paleosol sites and laboratory analyses of selected samples of earth materials indicate that the paleosol interpretation is based on many questionable assumptions. Data are more readily interpreted from a diluvial perspective. Results of this investigation also indicate that pedostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic "data" from other sites may need to be viewed with suspicion.