The article "Discoveries Since 1859 Which Invalidate the Evolution Theory" by Walter E. Lammerts critiques Darwin's theory of evolution, arguing that it has been invalidated by scientific discoveries made since 1859. Lammerts uses several lines of evidence to support his argument, including: 1) The limited nature of variation. Darwin observed variation in species, such as the finches of the Galapagos Islands, and extrapolated this to suggest that variation is essentially unlimited and could lead to the development of entirely new basic types of organisms. Lammerts counters that variation is limited to the boundaries of the original “kind,” as described in Genesis 1. This concept of fixed "kinds" aligns with the idea of baramins. 2) The lack of transitional forms in the fossil record. Lammerts argues that the fossil record does not show the gradual transitions between major groups of organisms that Darwin's theory predicts. He cites paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson, who acknowledged the "large discontinuities" in the fossil record. 3) The impossibility of spontaneous generation. Lammerts challenges the idea of chemical evolution, the prevailing scientific theory for the origin of life, stating it is merely a "refined version" of spontaneous generation, which has been scientifically disproven. He highlights experiments demonstrating that life does not arise from non-living matter. Lammerts suggests that catastrophism, a concept gaining traction among some modern geologists, may offer a better explanation for certain geological features than uniformitarianism, which assumes slow, gradual processes. He argues that events like Noah's Flood could explain the patterns observed in the fossil record and geological formations. The article concludes that the Biblical account of creation, combined with the concept of transformations due to curses and a global flood, provides a more coherent and scientifically sound explanation for the origin and diversity of life than Darwinian evolution.