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Austin, Steven A. and Holroyd, Edmond W. and McQueen, David R. (2020) Remembering Spillover Erosion of Grand Canyon. Answers Research Journal, 13: 9. pp. 153-188. ISSN 1937-9056
Grand Canyon of Arizona is the best-known example of hydraulic erosion on planet earth. No other canyon has been so carefully scrutinized by geologists. Therefore, Grand Canyon is the most important landscape on planet earth to be explained by competing creationist and evolutionist paradigms. Four hypotheses have been proposed for the erosion of Grand Canyon: (1) drainage spillover, (2) antecedent river, (3) stream piracy, and (4) flood drainage. The first geologist ever to explore Grand Canyon, John Newberry, recognized in 1858 that it was carved through a highland arch that separated topographic basins. Newberry proposed drainage spillover of the elevated terrain by what has later been called ancient "Hopi Lake" (aka "Lake Bidahochi"). We trace the history of "spillover" and "breached dam" hypotheses from Newberry's first discovery, but we focus on the last 50 years through both creationist and evolutionist thinking. Fifty years ago, when uniformitarian doctrine was stifling imaginative thinking about Grand Canyon erosion, Hopi Lake was "the lake that gets no respect," and spillover was "the forgotten transverse drainage hypothesis." Also, 50 years ago, three creationists (Henry M. Morris, Jr., Clifford Burdick, and Bernard Northrup) affirmed the creationist consensus that Grand Canyon was eroded by catastrophic spillover of a post-Flood lake. That recent erosion formed a young Colorado River. In 1988 Steve Austin and Ed Holroyd were working on the configuration of lakes east and north of Kaibab Upwarp. Bob Scarborough had surveyed lake sediments to understand better the western boundary of ancient Hopi Lake. Also, in 1988, Norm Meek had "rediscovered" Afton Canyon of the Mojave Desert in California that had been carved by spillover of ancient Lake Manix producing a one-tenth scale analog to Grand Canyon. By 1988, pieces of the larger spillover puzzle were being assembled. By the year 2000, Bob Scarborough, Norm Meek, Ron Dorn, Jon Spencer, Philip Pearthree, John Douglass, Kyle House and Todd Dallegge were developing these ideas within the evolutionist community. Also, by 2000, Andrew Snelling and Tom Vail were communicating these ideas within the creationist community. By 2012, the spillover explanation was called "a favored concept for two decades." Responding to spillover's popularity, a self-appointed panel of experts challenged the notion. "Afton Canyon Controversy" focused on a different model for Lake Manix with headward erosion of Afton Canyon. Fact rechecking by U.S. Geological Survey silenced critics in the "Afton Canyon Controversy" by 2014. The "Crooked Ridge Miocene River" called for a much different basin configuration without Hopi Lake against the Kaibab Upwarp. Spillover critics that promoted the "Crooked Ridge Miocene River" experienced an almost simultaneous "spirit of repentance" killing quickly the "Crooked Ridge River" in 2016. Since then, Lake Manix and Hopi Lake have been restored, silently, as viable spillover candidates. Why no fanfare? These lakes continue to receive distressing abuse from "the establishment," verifying they are the lakes that get no respect. This spillover story shows how pervasive and deep-seated evolutionary assumptions are within the "Grand Debate." Today, more than 20 earth scientists (most with Ph.D. degrees) have constructively affirmed spillover theory, at the same time, maintaining an attitude of respect, not contempt, toward the ancient lake in northeastern Arizona. Geologists have been searching for the "Miocene River" for 150 years. If it is found, it would be the primary alternate to the spillover hypothesis. We should remember an important fact—creationist and evolutionist thinking about spillover continues to make a significant contribution to our understanding of erosion of Grand Canyon.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science (General) > QE Geology > QE103 Grand Canyon G Geography and Anthropology > GB Physical Geography > GB400 Geomorphology |
| Depositing User: | Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2026 23:44 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2026 23:44 |
| URI: | https://crsq.creationresearch.org/id/eprint/1677 |