A review of the effect of rejecting the traditional Confucian belief structure in Korea by certain social groups, and the acceptance of Darwinism, was completed. The process of the acceptance of Darwinism by specific Korean academics, writers, and others and its horrendous effects in terms of lives lost was documented. This review illustrates the fact, as stated by the late Harvard University evolutionist Stephen Jay Gould, that biological "arguments for racism may have been common before 1859, but they increased by orders of magnitude following the acceptance of evolutionary theory" (Gould 1977, 127–128).