The mystery of stereo-selectivity in proteins is examined. The history of efforts to explain this strange phenomenon is traced from Pasteur to the present. Conversations with a number of prominent scientists regarding the current status of knowledge on this problem are reported. Probability theory is applied to the chance production of a minimum set of protein molecules for the smallest theoretically possible living entity with only left-handed protein components. The odds against this happening once among all the protein molecules that ever existed on earth are evaluated. Comparison of the naturalistic and creationist positions is examined regarding this mystery.