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Guliuzza, Randy J. (2014) Does Natural Selection Exist?—Comment 1, Part I: Creatures' Adaptation Explained by the Design-Based, Organism-Driven Approach. Answers Research Journal, 7: 23. pp. 403-421. ISSN 1937-9056
This paper responds to a recent paper (Jeanson 2013) critical of a series of Acts & Facts articles published by the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). That series introduced the use of design-based principles primarily to answer the question: what is the true or primary cause of organismal adaptation? It contrasted explanations for the primary cause of adaptation of naturalism's environment-focused mechanisms of natural selection versus an organism-focused, design-based mechanism (Guliuzza 2011a; Guliuzza 2011b; Guliuzza 2011c; Guliuzza 2011d; Guliuzza 2012a; Guliuzza 2012b). In this three-part response I will refer to the critical paper as "the critique" and the Acts & Facts articles as the "series." Part 1 correctly synopsizes important elements in the series' design-based explanation. The repetitive criticism that seeks to dismiss accurately identifying causality as merely a semantic quibble of terminology is countered. The critical chasm between the true causality of environment-driven versus organism-driven adaptive mechanisms—and their profound worldview implications—is further developed out of the series' design analysis (DA) methods as applied to living things. DA underscores that with either human or God-designed adaptable entities, true causality of adaptation resides within innate systems of the entity/organism; thus, adaptation is best understood via systems analysis. DA is shown to clarify the hierarchal relationship of organisms to their environment for adaptation, in that an organism's system-based programming during embryological development specifies features of traits, and it is these traits which define for its environment: 1) what is a "niche," 2) what exposures are "favorable" or "unfavorable," and 3) what exposures will be a "stimuli" for the organism's systems. Systems analysis finds that the route from external condition to adaptation runs strictly through elements of organism's systems, and that removal of any one critical element stops the organism's self-adjustment, therefore, no single element or anything outside of the system(s) can be identified as a primary cause for adaptation. In terms of primary causality, organisms must be designed up-front with a "nature," i.e., its multiple integrated systems, that causally enable it to be "nurtured" by environmental exposures through time. The DA in this response exposes naturalistic paradigms variously shaping post-graduate biological thinking about the environment's adaptive power (some advanced by the critique) as implicitly flawed and mystical by highlighting their appeal to scientifically undetectable events in their paradigms. Thus, the term "natural selection" is inherently misleading. It misascribes the true causality for the expression of traits by creatures suitable to dynamic environmental conditions—by not crediting such suitability as a success of the creature's innately designed systems, but that it is "due to" mystical "selection" events by non-sentient things like death or the environment. These views erroneously inflate the environment's causal power on organisms (by causally "instructing" them in embryological development or by adaptively "selecting for" and "saving" only favorable traits). These range from environments as a co-primary cause, up to them as the driver and "molder" of organisms through space-time, and thus, naturally causing the "apparent design" found in earth's diverse life. Seven design principles are discussed that when used to explain the adaptation of living things bolster the claims in Acts & Facts. Specifically, that populations of organisms are programmed with information-based systems expressing variable, heritable traits, which enable organisms to extract provisions from the environment, exploit natural properties, and self-adjust to external conditions as they go through space-time for the purpose of filling ever-changing environments of the earth immediately post-Creation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science (General) > QH Natural History. Biology > QH359 Biological Evolution > QH359.3 Natural Selection Q Science (General) > QH Natural History. Biology > QH103 Variation, Adaptation, and Speciation |
| Depositing User: | Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2026 23:46 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2026 23:46 |
| URI: | https://crsq.creationresearch.org/id/eprint/1826 |