European Neolithic societies have traditionally viewed as homogeneous, barbaric, farming communities organized as regionalized chiefdoms. Their visible remains are principally their graves, which were often built using large blocks of stone. In France and Britain, some more unusual stone structures are to be found. This article focuses attention on the peoples of Neolithic Britain, looking particularly at their cultural achievements and social structure. Evidences of an advanced culture are found, in sharp contrast to conventional views. Evolutionary theories of man's cultural development are shown to be totally inadequate and an alternative explanation of the characteristics of European Neolithic societies, based on the Biblical framework of history, is discussed.