A central plank in Nazism, communism, and other totalitarianism movements was eugenics. Eugenics, the science of improving the human race by scientific control of breeding, was viewed by a large percentage of all life scientists, professors, and social reformers for over a century as an important, if not a major means toward producing paradise on Earth. The founder of this new science was Sir Francis Galton, a cousin and close associate of Charles Darwin. Galton’s work was crucial in providing the foundation for a movement that culminated in the loss of many millions of lives, and untold suffering for hundreds of millions of people.