Considerable disagreement exists in the church about what God made on the second day of Creation Week in Genesis 1. Should it be called "the firmament" or "the expanse"? Was the firmament or expanse the earth's atmosphere where the birds and clouds are? Or was it a hard, metal-like dome or vault over the atmosphere under which or in which the sun, moon, and stars were placed? Were the "waters above" clouds, or did they form a vapor canopy above the atmosphere that collapsed at the beginning of Noah's flood? Or is the expanse what we today call outer space and the "waters above" are the outer boundary of the universe? This essay will examine carefully the Hebrew words in the relevant biblical texts, the various English translations of the key phrases in Genesis 1, the Septuagint Greek translation of the same in Genesis 1, a number of popular commentaries on these verses, and some images related to these questions found in the Logos Bible software. The conclusion of this study is that 1) the expanse is outer space, 2) where the birds fly and the clouds float is the "face of the expanse," and 3) the "waters above" are the outer boundary of the universe.