This article presents some of the observations made during an expedition to Mt. Ararat sponsored by the Archeological Research Foundation of New York. Eastern Turkey consists of a relatively barren undeveloped area. Tectonically it is very active, and unstable structurally. The region has been folded, faulted, and intruded with basic types of volcanic rock, such as andesite and basalt. Mt. Ararat is 17,000 feet high, and at its greatest height perhaps measured nearer 20,000 feet.Evidently the cover rocks were Paleozoic and Mesozoic limestone, and in places like Mt. Ararat were domed up by rising magma which burst through channels along fault lines. During the Flood period at least three blankets of basaltic or andesitic lava were extruded over the original Ararat which may have only been about 10,000 to 12,000 feet high originally. Much of the lava is in rounded blocks called pillow lava, having a conchoidal appearance indicating it flowed out from the fractures while under water. After subsidence of the flood waters, almost the whole north-east side of the mountain blew up forming the Ahora gulch. Rock fragments and ash from this eruption cover about 100 square miles. Greater Ararat is covered with an ice cap down to the 14,000 foot level. This cap is hundreds of feet thick and divides into 12 "fingers" or glaciers. An analysis of five rock samples is given and also a list of fossils found by Abich.