About 1950 geneticist R. B. Goldschmidt and paleontologist O. H. Schindewolf independently came to the conclusion that neo-Darwinism was completely inadequate to account for macroevolution. Goldschmidt judged that natural selection only results in preservation of the status quo and that accumulation of mutations with tiny effects could never explain the origin of really new organs and organismal types. Schindewolf judged that the sudden appearance of higher systematic categories in the fossil record and the discontinuities between present and fossil categories were in serious conflict with neo-Darwinism. As evolutionists, they came up with an "emergency solution": they decided that macroevolution could be explained only by postulating "macromutation" with large effects, stirring up the whole system. The best examples Goldschmidt could supply were the homoeotic mutants in Drosophila which replace certain organs by entirely different organs. The present author, however, reviews the wealth of data now assembled about homoeotic mutants, and extensively documents that the evidence is only negative with regard to evolution. He concludes that the mentioned criticisms of neo-Darwinism are still as valid as in 1950 but that the alternative ideas have - - proved to be even worse.